Foreword
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 37, Terminology and other language and content resources, Subcommittee SC 5, Translation, interpreting and related technology.
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Introduction
This document responds to the need to provide general service requirements for the provision of quality interpreting services. It provides requirements and recommendations for the delivery of spoken and signed communication across languages and societal contexts and throughout interpreting specializations. This document may be used in conjunction with other interpreting specialization standards.
Interpreters render spoken or signed communication across languages. Interpreting differs from translation, which is the rendering of written content into another written language.
1 Scope
This document specifies basic requirements for the provision of interpreting services. Additionally, it provides recommendations of good practice.
NOTE Interpreting specializations/specialized interpreting services can be covered in other International Standards (e.g. ISO 20228, Legal interpreting).
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
- — IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
- — ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1 Terms related to people involved in interpreting and to modes of interpreting
3.1.1
interpret
render spoken or signed information from a source language (3.4.4) to a target language (3.4.6) in oral or signed form, conveying both the register and meaning of the source language content (3.4.5)
3.1.2
interpreting
interpretation
rendering spoken or signed information from a source language (3.4.4) to a target language (3.4.6) in oral or signed form, conveying both the register and meaning of the source language content (3.4.5)
3.1.3
interpreter
person who interprets (3.1.1)
3.1.4
interpreting service provider
ISP
interpreter (3.1.3) or organization providing interpreting (3.1.2) services
3.1.5
client
customer
person, or organization, who enters into a formal agreement for the provision of an interpreting (3.1.2) service
Note 1 to entry: The formal agreement can, for example, take the form of a contract or of an interdepartmental service agreement between units of an organization.
Note 2 to entry: The client can be the end user (3.1.6), but this does not have to be the case.
3.1.6
end user
person or group of persons that ultimately uses the interpreting (3.1.2) service delivered
3.1.7
speaker
person addressing others, using either spoken language or sign language (3.4.2)
3.1.8
spoken language interpreting
interpreting (3.1.2) between two spoken languages
3.1.9
sign language interpreting
signed language interpreting
interpreting (3.1.2) between two sign languages (3.4.2) or between a sign language and a spoken language
3.1.10
distance interpreting
remote interpreting
interpreting (3.1.2) of a speaker (3.1.7) in a different location from that of the interpreter (3.1.3), enabled by information and communications technology
3.1.11
mode
established method for the delivery of spoken language interpreting (3.1.8) or sign language interpreting (3.1.9)
3.1.12
consecutive interpreting
mode (3.1.11) of interpreting (3.1.2) performed after the speaker (3.1.7) pauses
Note 1 to entry: Interpreters (3.1.3) can use special note-taking (3.1.15) techniques to help in rendering lengthy passages.
3.1.13
simultaneous interpreting
mode (3.1.11) of interpreting (3.1.2) performed while a speaker (3.1.7) is still speaking or signing
3.1.14
sight translation
rendering written source language content (3.4.5) to the target language content (3.4.7) in the form of spoken language or sign language (3.4.2)
3.1.15
note-taking
technique in consecutive interpreting (3.1.12) used by interpreters (3.1.3) for remembering, conceptualizing and summarizing information
Note 1 to entry: Note-taking is highly individual and can involve a mixture of symbols, abbreviations, words and diagrams.
3.1.16
chuchotage
whispered interpreting
simultaneous interpreting (3.1.13) where the interpreter (3.1.3) speaks very quietly, sits or stands in close proximity to the listeners and uses no interpreting equipment
Note 1 to entry: Chuchotage is used for interpreting to a very small number of listeners, ideally one or two.
3.1.17
protocol
rule, official procedure or common practice that guides the conduct of members of a profession
EXAMPLE:
Taking an oath in court to perform accurate interpreting (3.1.2), using direct speech when interpreting, or adhering to the code of ethics of a professional association.
3.2 Terms related to translation as distinct from interpreting
3.2.1
translate
render source language content (3.4.5) into target language content (3.4.7) in written form
3.2.2
translation
rendering source language content (3.4.5) into target language content (3.4.7) in written form
3.3 Terms related to interpreting settings and specializations
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3.3.1
communicative setting
environment where an interaction between interlocutors takes place
3.3.2
community interpreting
public service interpreting
interpreting (3.1.2) that enables people to access services available to society as a whole, and which they would otherwise be unable to access owing to a language barrier
EXAMPLE:
Social services, tourist services, disaster victim support services.
3.3.3
conference interpreting
interpreting (3.1.2) used for multilingual communication at technical, political, scientific and other meetings
3.3.4
legal interpreting
interpreting (3.1.2) at communicative settings (3.3.1) related to the law
3.3.5
healthcare interpreting
medical interpreting
interpreting (3.1.2) that occurs when individuals are accessing services that deal with the prevention and treatment of illnesses and where patients or their families have difficulty communicating with treatment providers or administrators
3.4 Terms related to language and competences
3.4.1
language
systematic use of sounds, characters, symbols or signs by which to communicate
3.4.2
sign language
signed language
language (3.4.1) which uses a combination of hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions
Note 1 to entry: Sign language can be a regional, national or international language with or without legal status, or an informal sign language with any number of users.
3.4.3
content
information in any form
EXAMPLE:
Text, audio, video, etc.
3.4.4
source language
language (3.4.1) from which content (3.4.3) is interpreted (3.1.1) or translated (3.2.1)
3.4.5
source language content
content (3.4.3) to be interpreted (3.1.1) or translated (3.2.1)
3.4.6
target language
language (3.4.1) into which content (3.4.3) is interpreted (3.1.1) or translated (3.2.1)
3.4.7
target language content
content (3.4.3) that has been interpreted (3.1.1) or translated (3.2.1) from a source language (3.4.4)
3.4.8
‘A’ language
primary language (3.4.1) or its strict equivalent of which the interpreter (3.1.3) has complete command and into which the interpreter (3.1.3)interprets (3.1.1) from all his/her other ‘A’ languages, ‘B’ languages (3.4.9.) or ‘C’ languages (3.4.10)
3.4.9
‘B’ language
language (3.4.1) in which the interpreter (3.1.3) is proficient but which is not his/her primary language or its strict equivalent
Note 1 to entry: An interpreter (3.1.3) works into this language from one or more other languages.
3.4.10
‘C’ language
language (3.4.1) from which the interpreter (3.1.3)interprets (3.1.1) into his/her ‘A’ languages (3.4.8) or ‘B’ languages (3.4.9) Note 1 to entry: An interpreter can have more than one ‘A’, ‘B’ or ‘C’ language.
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